Womens Role in Literature Essay - 1267 Words

Womens Role in Literature In many works of Literature women play a controversial role, one in which their actions are the cause of conflict in many situations. There are more often then not two reasons for this. One reason why the female character is always caught in the center of the conflict is ignorance, such is the case Shakespeares Hamlet; Prince of Denmark with the character Queen Gertrude as an example. The second reason why women are the cause of the central conflict are that in many instances they are trying to make a stand against society by defying what society holds to be the norm. An example of this would be Sophocles Antigone. In either case, the woman character is cause of the central conflict within the†¦show more content†¦Through their actions, both of these women brought upon much stress upon not only themselves but members of their family as well, allowing for the central conflicts to take place. In Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, it is Queen Gertrudes marriage to Claudius that c auses Hamlet to act as though he has gone crazy. His fathers death was hard enough on him, especially due to the fact that his Uncle Claudius was his fathers murderer. His mothers hasty marriage to him only causes Hamlet to speculate about his mothers involvement in his fathers death. Shakespeare does not make it entirely clear as to whether or not Gertrude took part in the elder Hamlets death, nor does he make certain as to whether or not she took part in any extramarital affairs with Claudius prior to the kings death. It is this uncertainty that drives Hamlet to the brink of insanity. Hamlet is unsure as to whether or not he should hold his mother responsible for his fathers death, and this causes him to act mad towards the others in the court, especially his lover Ophelia. It is the ghost of the elder Hamlet that tells his son not to harm his mother, that she is innocent of his murder. Hamlet listens to his fathers ghost but still resents his mothers remarriage, seeing it as an insult to his father. As a result Hamlet remains in his mad state, and in the classical tragic ending, allShow MoreRelatedFeminism in Novel Makaan of Paigham Afaqui1301 Words   |  6 PagesPaigham Afaqui Feminist literature, as the name suggests, is based on the principles of feminism, and refers to any literary work that centers on the struggle of a woman for equality, and to be accepted as a human being, before being cast into a gender stereotype. Not all these works follow a direct approach towards this goal of equality. It is only through such media that women believed a change was possible in the way they were perceived in society. Not all feminist literature has been written by womenRead MoreGoddess, Whores, Wives and Slaves: Classical Women of Antiquity, written by Sarah B. Pomery1327 Words   |  5 Pagesfocuses on the main categories of women in the literature and society of ancient Greece and Roman over a time period of fifteen hundred years. Pomery focuses on these roles and how they are significant in the development and structure of these great ancient civilizations. Her goal in writing this book was to expand upon her first book, entitled Goddesses as she discusses in the Preface of this book. She wanted to include the significance of all women’s roles beyond just that of Olympian women becauseRead MoreLiterature Review - How to Do It?1653 Words   |  7 PagesWriting A Literature Review and Using a Synthesis Matrix My professor says I have to write a literature review, what do I do? Well, to begin, you have to know that when writing a literature review, the goal of the researcher is to determine the current state of knowledge about a particular topic by asking, â€Å"What do we know or not know about this issue?† In conducting this type of research, it is imperative to examine several different sources to determine where the knowledge overlaps and where itRead MoreThe Cult Of True Womanhood And The Cult Of True Womanhood1194 Words   |  5 Pagesidentity was strictly enforced. The roles of men and women in were sharply defined and as a result, society was very structured. Women were expected to be domesticated due to their physical and emotional nature. In fact, this ideology was so wide-spread that it had a name: The Cult of True Womanhood. The Cult of True Womanhood was characterized by women’s magazines, gift annuals and religious writings of the time. Through the analysis of these mediums, specifically women’s magazines, it is evident thatRead MoreEssay about The Facets of Womans Studies783 Words   |  4 Pagesethnicity, socioeconomic status and sexuality. Women’s studies emerged in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s as a concerned women being misrepresentation and trivialization in the higher education curriculum and as well as being excluded from many positions of power authority as colleges faculty and administrators. An example from the â€Å" Women’s Voices /Feminist Vision† book written by Susan M.Shaw Janet lee was â€Å"the entire course in English or American literature to include not one novel written by a womanRead MoreLiterature And Everyday Life : Toni Morrison s The Dark, And White Privilege And Male Privilege Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the role it plays in literature to its looming existence in our everyday lives, race has an undeniable influence on many aspects of our lives. Toni Morri son and Peggy McIntosh, a writer and an activist respectively, both have the urge to understand this presence and impact of race in literature and everyday life specifically. Through self-reflection and attempts to see from others’ perspectives, both Morrison and McIntosh manage to answer their own questions regarding race and its role in literatureRead MoreCompatison of Spotty Handed Villainesses and Keynote Address at the Beijing World Conference on Women.879 Words   |  4 Pagesshe had embraced the dogmatic feminism she dissociated with, the speech would be far more context dependent and the textual integrity of the speech would have been lessened. Atwood challenges the representation of women in literature, arguing that lack of evil women in literature is suppressive to women in society, while Suu Kyi argues that the lack of women in politics is suppressive to women. The title of Atwood’s speech alludes to Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth, emphasising that wome n are multidimensionalRead MoreEssay about Feminism in The Awakening986 Words   |  4 Pagesfor freedom.† Ultimately, this shows how most women, especially Edna Pontellier, try to break free from the burden of society. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, showcases the feminist critical approach through women’s roles, women characters, influences, and independence. Women’s roles had a major impact on the feminist involvement in the novel. Women are portrayed as being very motherly, and willing to do almost anything for their husbands. However, many women did not have the courage to standRead MoreSocial Issues In American Literature972 Words   |  4 Pages American Literature from its beginnings is shaped by a demand towards reforming society by bringing awareness towards towards social issues and a need to question societal norms.American literature from its beginnings has focused around establishing the American identity , and has also served as a means to address social issues that have plagues American society. The three authors that are representative of these ideals are the following; Hector De St John Crevecoeur Benjamin Franklin, andRead MoreThe Fight For Women s Rights1711 Words   |  7 Pagesmost lasting effects through two large waves in the early 1900’s, whilst fighting for women’s suffrage, and the 1960 ’s to 1970’s, which focused on women in the workplace and counteracting the submissive roles assigned to women in the 1950’s. These political battles for gender equality have left lasting footprints on today’s society by giving women opportunities previously unattainable. Still, the fight for women’s rights is far from over, as today’s females face a new struggle involving the media.

Animal Testing a Cruel and Inhumane Way - 881 Words

Animal Testing Mariana Alexandra Anaya Martà ­nez Universidad del Valle de Mà ©xico Additional language to Spanish III Dinorah Rodriguez November 12, 2012 Right now, millions of animals are locked inside cold barren cages in laboratories across the world. They languish in pain, ache with loneliness, and long to roam free and use their minds. Instead, all they can do is sit and wait in fear of the next terrifying and painful procedure that will be performed on them. Animal testing is cruel and an inhumane way to torture animal for mankind’s own benefit. There have been millions of animal that have suffered a vicious, painful death in the name of research. Just as Peter Singer asked in his book Animal Liberation â€Å"Would experimenters†¦show more content†¦The corporate which recently bought out organic supplement and vitamin company has a long history of engaging in cruel animal testing on its portfolio of products. And according to at least two animal activist sites, Pamp;G has been lying for years about making efforts to switch to cruelty-free testing alternatives, a website, which is owned and operated by In Defense of Animals group, Pamp;G continues to torture animals and other creatures by conducting terrible experiments. And an U.K. website says that on top of these and many other extreme testing ways, Pamp;G does not even provide basic care for these animals while they are still alive, According to Jhon Mayer, â€Å"La boratory workers place the animals in restraining devices so they cannot struggle while the workers apply the chemicals, which burn into the animals eyes and skin, Millions of animals die from animal testing each year worldwide, and it isn’t just bad with animals it is too highly expensive. Just think about your pet, your cute dog that receives you with so many happiness, that little bunny that jumps all over your room, I think you love it, no? well now think that animal that you love, stuck in a cage suffering with needles all over its body, crying for help but is an animal, who cares?, right?......... Stop. Resources: Book sources * Teasdale, Kate ,(2006) Animal testing is morally wrong http://www.fazed.com/lifestyle/animal_tesing.html * Watson, Stephanie (2009) AnimalShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing Should Be A Thing Of The Past Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing should be a thing of the past. Imagine this, scientists injecting a certain chemical to an innocent animal to test, so that product can be safe for human utilization. Now, this chemical will have a mercurial effect on that animal, it will either comply with it or succumb to the chemical and causing various side effects; could even lead to death. This is the sad and cruel reality animals in labs are facing. Over the years, scientists from all over the globe have conducted tedious experimentsRead MoreAnimal Testing Is Not All Humane And Pain Free1130 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"An estimated 26 million animals are used every year in the united states for scientific and commercial testing† (ProCon.org). We are rapidly using up the earth’s supply of small animals. â€Å"A 2011 poll of nearly 1,000 biomedical scientists conducted by the science journal Nature found that more than 90% agreed that the use of animals in research is essential (ProCon.org). Right now, millions of mice, rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, and other animals are locked up in cages and are getting killed for scientificRead MorePersuasive Essay On Animal Testing704 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal testing has been a around since 384 BC. â€Å"Some testing methods require the animal to; die, be exposed to radiation, remove or expose organs, or subject animals to trauma to create depression and/or anxiety.† (â€Å"THE LEADING SOURCE FOR PROS CONS OF CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES†) Animal tests and human results only coordinate about 5- 25% of the time. Not only is it inhumane, but it isnt even all that reliable. Not to mention, it`s an insufficient waste of government money. Yes it has helped us in vaccineRead MoreAnimal Welfare C ampaign Should Be Banned1185 Words   |  5 PagesEvery year, over billions of innocent animals, are dying, poisoned, and killed as a result of million experiments that are tested on them. These new experiments are not hundred percent guaranteed. However, these experiences may work with animals and give positive results, but when it tests back on the human, it gives the opposite results. The animal welfare campaign finds that testing new products on animals is an inhuman and a cruel thing and it should be stopped. So, they start making attacks aroundRead MoreThe Ethical Treatment Of Animal Testing1199 Words   |  5 Pagesnot animals such as mice and rats should be experimented on. The organization Psychologist for the Ethical Treatment of Animals believes in observing animals instead of experimenting on them (Meyer). Another known organization is People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). An organization that is in favor of animal experimentation is called Pro-Test and i s located in the United Kingdom (UK). This organization thinks that experimenting on animals may help humans. About 95% of animals are notRead MoreHuman Testing : The Dangers Of Animal Testing944 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal testing is used to see the effects of products before the products are put up for human consumption. With this testing, thousands and thousands of animals are kept in cages and subjected to pain and isolation every year. Even though these animals endure this extreme pain for the safety of humans, results are rarely the same in animals as they are in humans. Even though animal testing is deemed as bad science, people say that every major medical advance is because of animal testing. This isRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1613 Words   |  7 Pagesover seventy million animals are hurt and killed due to scientific research. Many brands have taken the pledge to become cruelty free, but there are still multiple brands that are continuing to use animals to te st their products. Animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, often ineffective, can not detect for many diseases that humans are exposed to, and can be unsafe due to the differences between animals and humans. Animal testing has been seen as cruel and inhumane for hundreds of yearsRead MoreThe Use Of Scientific Research On Animals998 Words   |  4 PagesIn medical research animals are used as ‘models’ for human disease by artificially inducing selected symptoms intended to resemble human illnesses. (vier-pfoten.org) However, a disease is more than simply a collection of symptoms, and so the human disease itself and its underlying biology can never be fully replicated in an animal model. The use of scientific research on animals can be cruel and inhumane to the well-being of animals. All the research and animals they get are very expensive to payRead More Animal Testing Essay572 Words   |  3 PagesAnimal Testing Speaking Outline: Animal Testing Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience about the three major ways of how scientific experiments on animal is inhumane. Introduction I. Put yourself into an animal’s position. Imagine that you are being poked and probed by needles for the benefits of humans. II. Animals are being abuse more and more everyday in scientific experiments. III. I have pets and I’m against animal testing, so knowing that animals are used in research is appalling. IV

Tony Kushner s A Gay Fantasia - 2126 Words

American playwright Tony Kushner’s momentous two-part production Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes documents the varied lives of five men residing in New York City throughout the 1980s AIDS epidemic. A truly unique aspect, which pertains to Kushner’s dramatized narrative, is that each focal male character is homosexual. Although these men may share a collective sexual orientation, they experience their sexuality in their own individualistic ways. Through the lenses of Kushner’s male protagonists—Roy Cohn, Joseph Pitt, Louis Ironson, Prior Walter and Belize—the play endeavours to eradicate conventional perceptions of sexuality as a dichotomized view: heterosexuality/homosexuality. As the narrative progresses, it becomes apparent that Angels in America contends the monolithic stereotype attributed to a homosexual orientation, by reconceptualising the notion of sexuality as one that can be situated upon a spectrum. The spectrum established within the play illustrates the range of contentment each character experiences, regarding their sexuality. For example, the more â€Å"out of the closet† and overtly open one is about the nature of their sexual orientation, the more seemingly secure they are with themselves—and vice versa. It appears that each male protagonist’s location on the spectrum is ultimately contingent on his enactments of gender performativity. The following analysis seeks to prove that the more effeminate a male character acts, the more open andShow MoreRelatedTony Kushner s Angels Of Americ A Gay Fantasia On National Themes Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesThe Struggles Accompanying Homosexuality in Tony Kushner’s Angels in America Set in the late 1980s, a period of regression and tragedy for the homosexual community, Tony Kushner’s play, Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes, explores the lives of four gay men living in New York. Kushner’s two part drama expounds some of the many difficulties encountered by gays during this time period. While two of his characters, Joe Pitt and Roy Cohn, both struggle significantly with their sexualRead MoreIs Hannah Transformed / Changed Through Her Relationship With Prior?2201 Words   |  9 Pages1. In what specific ways does Hannah help Prior? Why might she (a complete stranger) have such a profound effect on him? In what ways does their relationship (and her views on world, religion, disease) make possible Prior s transition from AIDS victim to a PLWA (a person LIVING with AIDS)? In what ways is Hannah transformed/changed through her relationship with Prior? And why/how does this change occur? Specifically, Hannah helps Prior by both bringing him to the hospital when he falls ill and

Essay Stress Management - 1278 Words

Stress, we all struggle with it. We know it can shorten our lives, age us too early, make us miserable and unhealthy- yet we cannot seem to getaway it. I would like to begin my paper with a little description of myself. After spending years of training for a career in accounting, I truly had no idea about science. Even though I have been trying to live healthy by eating the right food and doing regular exercise, I had no idea how much damage stress has been causing me both physically and mentally. I find this class to be one of the biggest wake up calls in my life. After taking this class, I realized that I tend to have excessive ACG and BC activity problems; I experience physical stress symptoms all the time, I worry too much about the†¦show more content†¦I had a hard time focusing my mind on this exercise; it seemed unfeasible at the time, so I decided to try breath counting which was a little easier for me to focus on. I barely made it for ten minutes on my first day. I focus gradually improved, but not to the point where I could actually see a difference. I continued doing breath counting for a few days until one night my Mom called to say that my Dad was in the intensive care and was going to have an emergency bypass surgery in an hour. My Dad and I have a very close relationship and I have never met anybody who loves me more than he does. I could not possibly imagine him going through a bypass. As soon as I heard the news, I felt my body was preparing me for the fight or flight state. My hands became cold and sweaty (to shunt blood to the large muscles, and sweat to cool of my body) and my breathing became fast and shallow to increase oxygen to my body. Relaxing my body was very important at the time, so I tried to relax throughout the day, but every time I sat and tried to take a few deep breaths, I waged an internal struggle with myself, so I gave up. I was stuck on negative thoughts and I was experiencing headaches, eating, and sleeping disorders. As soon as I realized I was experiencing the symptoms of stress, I continued my bre athing exercises, which amazingly took me back to my normal self again. The breathing exercises helped me to close myself off from theShow MoreRelatedStress And The Stress Management1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Stress, its history and how to manage Stress is a daily conversation word as the world is becoming more challenging and difficult to live. It is very important to understand, and know how to manage it on a daily basis especially on our workplace. This essay will be broken into four parts firstly it is going to discuss about the contrast and similarity in the definition of stress between Engineering and Selye’s approach. Then it is going to critically evaluate the General AdaptationRead MoreHow Stress And Stress Management1319 Words   |  6 Pagesin which we have studied during the weeks of nine through eleven. I have selected to explore Stress and Stress Management more in depth. In this assignment I will explain what made me want to know more about it. I plan on telling you what you should know about Stress and Stress Management. Lastly, I will discuss how Stress and Stress Management relate to success in my personal and professional life. Stress can be defined as the nonspecific response of the body to any dem and made on it (Lamberton Read MoreStress Management3984 Words   |  16 Pagesthat the incidence of work-related stress increased dramatically in Australian organisations during the 1990s and early 2000s? Should employers be made responsible for dealing with the negative effects of work- related stress on their employees? If so how could they do this? Prepared for: Nick Foster Udam Wickremaratne 10571359 Occupational stress is a major news item, which has captured numerous headlines across the industrialized world and rightly so. Stress is reported to cost employers US$120Read MoreEssay on Stress and Stress Management1494 Words   |  6 Pages Stress and stress management: What is stress and how to manage it ? Stress is defined as a force that tends to strain or deform (b) mental emotional or physical tension, strain or distress-(v) to put emphasis on (c ) to subject to strain or pressure. Stress is a unwanted feeling of emotions and physiological arousal that some experience in certain situations. Stress can mean different things to various people. People have said; â€Å"That stress can causeRead MoreA Short Note On Stress Management And Stress Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesStania Tavil Dr. Diane D. Ashe Psychology 2012 October 15, 2016 Stress Management In everyday life, people have to deal with some good moments and some difficulties. They can be helpful and also destructive. Life Comes down to several characteristic as:/ joy, love, sadness, crying etc. There are many phenomena that appear and seem good and a little weird too sometimes. They can be: physical, moral, social, economic, psychological, natural disaster, or failing to achieve. Everyone wants to be happyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Nutrition On Stress Management1852 Words   |  8 Pages Over the recent decades the emerging importance that nutrition has on stress management in college students along with others has become a controversial topic all across different Universities and Public Institutions. Hence, for years, society has suspected that stress and nutrition are linked and now after so many years, scientific research has found evidence to support this connection. In an article by Fysekidis Kouacou (2015), research suggest to help explain this link and, as more individualsRead MoreStress Management Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesStress Stress is normal. It happens to everyone, and affects everyone differently. It is a feeling of being overwhelmed for handling things you aren’t used to. Stress is also known as a response or something that changes in the body caused by emotions, social, physical, or economical issues which can cause tension mentally and physically. It can be caused by external or internal situations. What’s known as the â€Å"fight or flight† response, is initiated when an individual becomes stressed. It is theRead More The Management of Stress Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the answer I’m looking for. The correct answer is stress. Everyone has stress in his or her life at one point or another. It’s one of many inevitable parts of life. Whether it’s busting out a research paper for Psychology at the last minute, expecting your first child to be born, to making sure you’re up in time to catch the Saturday morning cartoons, it’s clearly evid ent that everyone goes through stress. The real question is, how is stress handled in our society? A person is defined by how theyRead MoreEssay on Stress Management649 Words   |  3 PagesStress Management Responses to stressors present different impacts on each individual. Stressors have a physical and psychological effect on people although some people seem to be much less effected by stress being able to withstand high levels of stress almost as if there daily lives depend on it. Even though it is accepted stress is with us from are waking moment to the minute we sleep, almost all individuals through time suffer physical or psychological illness. IndividualRead MoreStress Management Plan1516 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management Plan When I was gathering resources for my first stress portfolio, one picture left a deep impression. It says: â€Å"there are only two times I feel stress: day and night.† Yes, stress exists along with our whole life; it may seem that there is nothing that we can do about stress. The homework and exams will keep coming, there is endless study and work in the day, and our career and family responsibilities will always be demanding. However, the good news is that stress can be managed

How Successful Can The Management Of Fragile Environments Be Free Essays

How successful can the management of fragile environments be, given the constant and increasing demand for their exploitation? A fragile environment is an area where the flora and fauna have adapted to a specific climate and evolved to occupy many different niches due to extremely high competition for resources. Furthermore due to the constant abiotic conditions, specialisation and symbiotic relationships have occurred to such a degree that even the slightest ecological or environmental disruption cannot be accommodated, meaning individual habitats and ecosystems can be easily destroyed. This combination of specialisation and interdependence increases the overall fragility and vulnerability of this biome Fragile environments can be exploited in different ways, and for different reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on How Successful Can The Management Of Fragile Environments Be? or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example the Amazon Rainforest, an equatorial tropical rainforest biome, has been significantly exploited for its agricultural potential and natural resources; cattle ranching, soya bean and palm oil plantations, mining and timber. The most significant consequence of these forms of exploitation is deforestation. There are many management strategies to combat deforestation, popular choices are; legislation, ecotourism, selective logging and various tree regeneration schemes. In this essay I will assess the extent to which these management schemes are successful in terms of sustainability and environmental effectiveness, in light of inevitable increasing anthropogenic pressures on tropical biomes around the world. Firstly it is important to identify how fragile environments are exploited and for what gain. If we look at the Amazon Rainforest, one of the major forms of exploitation is land for cattle ranching. Vast expanses of the rainforest are deforested to make way for grassland to rear cattle. This form of exploitation was responsible for 80% of all Amazonian deforestation in 2009, due to the ever increasing global demand for beef as a new wave of middle classes emerge from developing nations with a first world diet. Large soya bean plantations run by major agricultural TNC’s like Cargill in the Amazon increase its land for plantations at rates of 1. 3 million hectares every year. Brazil is one of the world’s top producers of soya bean. The expansion of this market is driven by low transportation costs from improved infrastructure (both in and out of the Amazon) and increasing international demands for livestock feed where China is one of the main consumers, due to rapid economic growth (9% annually) and high demand from its emerging middle classes. The creation of huge mechanised soy monocultures has already been the sole cause of 21 million hectares of deforested rainforest in Brazil and 80 million hectares from the Amazon as a whole, since the early 1970’s. While these industries stated above as well as mining and logging have contributed to 240,000km2 of deforestation in the Amazon, the hunting for bush meat by native Amazonian tribes has put considerable pressure on rainforest fauna. Since the late 1990’s Brazilian Amazon local people consume between 2. 2 to 5. 4 million primates each year. This process is unsustainable as the primates reproduce at a much slower rate than they are consumed. Moreover some of these primates are endangered, meaning reproduction is inherently slower. There is often a conflict of interests between the exploitation and conservation of fragile environments. Thus in order for a fragile environment to be managed successfully a balance must be established. However, in reality this can be difficult to achieve. It is often the case that many countries depend on natural resources from fragile environments for income and trade on the global markets thus making fragile environments an integral part of their economy. This is the case with many LEDC’s, who are reluctant to stop exploiting their activities for fear it will result in economic decline and slower development. In Brazil for example, much of the mining industry that takes place in the Amazon brought in $9 billion to the country in 2006. Moreover it can be a misunderstanding that most people, who exploit fragile environments like through mining in the Amazon, are doing so out of choice. As most locals have no other viable alternative to generate income for their families. Furthermore indigenous peoples often receive little education regarding global affairs and may not recognise the need for conservation. In addition it is rare that a single fragile environment is endemic to one country, as they often span over several territories. A good example is the Amazon rainforest which lies within Brazil, holding 60% of the forest, Peru 13%, Columbia 10% and with Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana also holding small amounts. This makes it difficult to establish a uniform strategy across the whole are, and made harder still by low funds available for conservation in many of these countries. One of the more popular forms of conservation management is conservation reserves that protect biodiversity and ensure its population lives  sustainably with their environment. One example of such a scheme is the Central Amazon Conservation complex in the Brazilian Amazon. Established in 2003, it brings together four reserves in the Amazon; Jau National Park, Anavilhanas Ecological Station, Mamiraua Reserve and Amana reserve, a total area of 49,000 km2. Sustainable development reserves have protected areas from developments that could have seriously damaged the CACC. Dams, pipelines, mines and commercial logging projects have all been prevented from entering the area. These reserves have improved biodiversity and caused a 100% increase in the black caiman population, and a 300% increase in the pirarucu fish. Economic Alternatives Programs promote sustainable activities whereby local people who make goods from the forest’s natural resources can sell directly to buyers without going through ‘middle men’ who charge a commission. Thus ensuring a decent income, preventing any local farmers giving up land to major commercial agricultural firms, where the land is likely to be deforested and indigenous communities displaced. Overall the economics alternative program has reduced poverty, increasing household incomes by 50-99%. However this protecting such a large area can be difficult. The vastness of the area means it is majorly understaffed, thus making the control and regulation of illegal activities difficult. Only 100 volunteer guards and 150 employed members of staff are present in the Amana and Mariraua reserves – combined area of 2,490,000 hectares of land. The size of the protected areas and the number of staff available makes it is very difficult to prevent access into the reserves. In Jau National park, an area of 2,272,000 hectares, there’re only 4 permanent members of staff. Thus fish and turtle poaching remains an unresolved problem. As populations increase around peripheral settlements, more stress is put on it to satisfy the demands of the populations, for example many towns in the heart of the rainforest suffer from intensive poaching of primates and manatees. Overall it may seem that despite efforts, and indeed success, of implementing such conservation schemes, may decrease in effectiveness following growing demand for the Amazons resources from increasing population pressure. Ecotourism is also a popular way of generating income for the local people as well as promoting conservation. It is a popular method of generating income in developing countries without billion dollar investments. Local people can act as guides or be providers of transport and accommodation – creating a source of income. The environmental low impact theme and conservation awareness can potentially bring in public and private investment. In addition it is a more environmentally friendly form of employment compared to other occupations such as logging and commercial agriculture. Plus if the country makes the economic transition from a manufacture to service sector economy, the government will have an indirect economic incentive to conserve the environment through promoting ecotourism. Ecotourism has already proved to be an economic, environmental and social success. For example, Costa Rica has been pumping in US$1. 6 million annually since 2000 from ecotourism, resulting in jobs for local people and 25% of its land under government protection. GNP per capita rose from $1500-$2000 between 1978 and 1992. The village of Tortuguero, Costa Rica, a satellite settlement to the Talamancan national park took a survey which indicated that 88% were highly satisfied with the multiplier effects from ecotourism in the park; such as local employment empowerment and government funding into building eco lodges on old farmland in the village; attracting tourists to spend in their local economy. However, there are cases where ecotourism has not benefitted the local community or the country as a whole. It is often the case that an ecotourism service is provided by an international agent, whereby revenue is repatriated overseas, away from the local community. Moreover even if the service is provided by host nation companies, the jobs can be seasonal, menial and in most cases, low paid. The influx of wealth and foreign exchange can shift political and economic conditions to make the country or area dependant on tourism as opposed to domestic economic practises. This induces a degree of instability to the industry, making it vulnerable to sudden economic change, such as the global financial crisis in 2008. This can create a lack of demand and subsequent economic decline in the area and ultimately forcing the local population into occupations that unsustainably exploit natural resources. In conclusion, it is can be said with a degree of confidence that most schemes are beneficial to an extent. Land which is protected, conserved and managed sustainably outweighs the possible environmental damage that can occur due to poor management and lack of funding towards the scheme. Moreover it is the schemes which involve the local community that have the biggest potential to be successful. Managing the environment whereby its inhabitants are able to reap the full economic benefits of its natural resources allows; growth, development and investment into the local economy – Thus resulting in a self-sustaining operation. However, as world population is not yet set to peak until 2050, the pressure on the environment and demand for resources is only set to increase. It is also worth noting that in the light of possible changes to our global climate system in the coming decades there will be an even greater threat to the Earth’s fragile environments. With the effects of anthropogenic induced climate change causing more extreme weather, the constant abiotic factors that have shaped our fragile environments across the globe face a deadly, permanent change. If we are to preserve any type of fragile environment at all, it could be argued that a universal effort to reduce our carbon footprint would be the most successful long term scheme to ensure the survival of the Earth’s biodiversity. How to cite How Successful Can The Management Of Fragile Environments Be?, Essays

Social and Behavioural Science Healthcare Resources

Question: Describe about the Social and Behavioural Science for Healthcare Resources. Answer: Use of healthcare resources after gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal case-control analysis. This particular article aims to analyse if the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is interlinked with enhances in the health care utilisation of post delivery. The purpose of writing the article suggests the use of effective healthcare resources after diagnosing the gestational diabetes mellitus. This particular article is related to those articles, which deal with the gestational diabetes mellitus. The authors of this specific article are reputed enough in the field of writing articles on healthcare. Those women, who has GDM faces difficulties during the entire period of pregnancy and post birth. In the year of 2009, more than 31% women have been diagnosed with GDM and there were fewer chances to control their health condition. The women diagnosed with GDM uses the health care services for controlling the difficulties during the pregnancy period. The annual cost of the health care utilisation has been reached to 101% for the diabetes diagnosed pregnant women. This article involves a case control, which is based on registry specific study involving 579 women who have the gestational diabetes mellitus delivered in between the year of 1995-2001. There were two basic controls for every case that were chosen from Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare that is apt for the year of delivery, municipality of the residence and year of birth (1). Skane country and Patients Administrative System in Sweden provides relevant data for this article. This article has been clearly criticised as it fails to reveal the impish link and association in between the pregnant women with diabetes and their possibilities of utilising the health care services for a perfect and healthy childbirth. The basic results call for the implementation of any kind of structured programs in order to follow up the health condition of those pregnant women, who is suffering from diabetes. However, with the effective management team of the health care sector, there are possibilities to detect the level of sugar at the initial stage of pregnancy (5). The constant improvement in the health care sector has become potential enough for the gradual development of the health of these diabetic pregnant women and it saves the healthcare cost in immense manner. On the other hand, this article has been criticised as not revealing significant facts regarding the prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. This particular disease can be prevented with following a healthy lifestyle. As the pregnant women are at high risk for this particular disease, therefore, they should follow a proper and suitable lifestyle for preventing GDM. Otherwise, it will affect both the pregnant women and their child in foetus. The fundamental prevalence of obesity and overweight are enhancing in worldwide manner and obesity can be constituted as a major risk factor for the type 2 diabetes (4). The framework approach has been used for analysing and identifying the established themes, which are closely associated with the prompt return and can be ascertained the records from the blood services (3). The basic aspects of deferral procedure require to be developed in order to ensure the feelings and the values of the individual. Even it has been examined that for attracting the new doors, blood centres require to reduce the perceived costs that are interlinked with donation. The study has examined the hospitality mortality rates, which have been developed within the National Health Insurance (NHI). There are det ailed explanations that affect the mortality rates (2). The associated hospital data were collected for understanding and deciding the required National Health Insurance (NHI) program. All of these factors affect the mortality rates. The policy makers of the healthcare organisations should realise the important drivers that may transform the benchmark for the ultimate improvement. The mental health services can denote a completely new dimension in the public health perspective (6). The article involves unique critical aspects that provide a perfect framework of public health and essential issues regarding the mental health policy makers, planners, administrators and the practitioners. Mental health is closely associated with the health condition of a pregnant woman. The article utilises the public health framework with the latest invented treatment, service system and epidemiological process for promoting a perfect comprehensive understanding of the necessity of the health care organisation. The evidences from the collected database clearly reflects that the mortality rates fail to be developed since NHI including actual income of the family, competition, the basic number of the clinical departments, new technologies, family medical expenses and rates of public hospitals. There are indications, in this article that if there are lacks of awareness of GDM, then there will half a billion people, who will be affected by type 2 diabetes at the end of 2030. The total expenditure on the global health care on diabetes is minimum 490 US$. On the other hand, there are several researches, which have revealed that GDM is heterogeneous disorder. References 1 Anderberg E, Carlsson K, Berntorp K. Use of healthcare resources after gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal case-control analysis.Scandinavian Journal of Public Health2012;40:385-390. doi:10.1177/1403494812449923 2 Chang L. Factors Associated With Poor Hospital Mortality Rates After the National Health Insurance Program.Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health2012;27:NP903-NP913. doi:10.1177/1010539512441820 3 Hillgrove T, Doherty K, Moore V. Understanding non-return after a temporary deferral from giving blood: a qualitative study.BMC Public Health2012;12. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1063 4 Li Z, Hou J, Lu L et al. On residents satisfaction with community health services after health care system reform in Shanghai, China, 2011.BMC Public Health2012;12:S9. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-s1-s9 5 Pencheon D. The future public health.Public Health2012;126:996. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.08.001 6 Stark C. Mental health services: a public health perspective.Public Health2012;126:631. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2012.03.005

Anger of Achilles Painting free essay sample

On my mission to find a painting that either caught my eye or would stop me dead in my tracks, I discovered â€Å"The Anger of Achilles. † This oil painting seemed to call me hither to take a closer look. As I walked closer, the painting became more clear and vivid. It was as if Jacques-Louis David was oil painting in high definition. This is a stunningly clear oil painting. So clear, it resembles a modern day photograph. The expression on the faces of each character in this painting drew me in even more. I wanted to know more: Why? Who? What was about to happen? At first glance, it seemed as though the woman in the background, Clytemnestra the mother, is being disturbed. King Agamemnon, the man portrayed in the foreground, appears to be directing the soldier, Achilles, as he is about to strike. After reading the history behind the painting, I better understand the expressions shown and see how they enhance the story that David is portraying. According to Greek Mythology, Achilles was supposed to be made invincible by dipping him in the river Styx, but forgot to wet the heel she held him by, leaving him vulnerable, so he could be killed by a blow to that heel. Thus the term â€Å"Achilles heel† was originated. David was very successful in showing the anguished Clytemnestra. It appeared she was at the brink of tears; or had been crying. It also appears as though she was deeply saddened by her daughter, Iphigenia’s situation. David is recognized as one of the most influential French painters in the neoclassical era. He participated in the French Revolution and taught several pupils in the early 19th century. In June 1825, David embarked upon improving the 1819 version of his â€Å"Anger of Achilles. † David told his friends, â€Å"This painting is what is killing me. † In October of that same year, he died. This particular painting is portraying deep anger, anguish, fear, and authority. I believe he wanted to show the anger and disappointment of Achilles; all the while, showing the anguish of her mother Clytemnestra, as she faces a great loss. Meanwhile, her father Agamemnon, is showing full confidence in his authority to control the situation. The light centers on Iphigenia, the daughter, as the main subject in the painting. Your eyes move immediately to her mother Clytemnestra, then to Achilles, and lastly to the father; in a counterclockwise motion. All of the characters are sized to resemble a photograph or life-like proportion. There appears to be a lot of motion in the portrait. David shows maximum movement, by the use of lines in curved and diagonal strokes. The colors are used to determine the direction your eyes move across the picture. Iphigenia’s pale white shirt is used as the central focal point. Clytemnestra also has on white, but it is a less vibrant hue. The bare back of Achilles in a nude tone, grasps the light in the foreground. Lastly, the red robe worn by Agamemnon catches your eye as an authority figure. The warm colors of red, yellow or gold are in abundance, with a touch of cool blue on Achilles robe. This is definitely a representation painting. The spacing of each character makes them look three-dimensional instead of flat or two-dimensional. A vanishing point is the prospective use in this painting. The purpose of the oil painting is to show social status or royal protocol. Achilles is painted as a mighty solider; a man of strength about to strike. His purpose is to avenge Iphigenia’s honor. The authority shown on King Agamemnon, father of Iphigenia, is emphasized by the diagonal depiction of his arm pointing downward, but toward Achilles. The direction of the arm pointing downward portrays the direction his authority is directed. This work reveals an ageless story of love that will never be; the loss felt by Clytemnestra for the sacrificing of her daughter. Also, Achilles’ loss of his love by deceit from Iphigenia’s father Agamemnon. In Greek mythology, things are never as it seems. The promise to Achilles to have Iphigenia’s hand in marriage was not as it seemed either. This work of art is such a vivid and amazingly clear oil painting. I found myself unable to look away. It captured my attention first by the amazing colors created by David. Secondly, I was drawn to the facial expression on the faces of Iphigenia and Clytemnestra. I instantly wanted to know the story behind the portrait. This work of art simulated me on a personal level. A mother, who appears deeply hurt, sustained my attention. After taking in the entire subject matter, I remembered the stern authority illustrated in Agamemnon’s expression and body language. It became a personal experience of how a father ruled over the family decisions. I learned the family dynamic continues to be illustrated, as it is in a biblical sense, by indicating the father is always the head of the family. Clytemnestra does not agree with the situation, but submits to her husband’s final decision. In conclusion, this famous oil painting by Jacques-Louis David is based on Greek mythology but appears to be a situation related to real life. The situation portrayed can be understood by most parents and children. This painting has stood the test of time, because the story can be related to many generations. The depiction of each character is clear and concise. It is as clear as a photograph. It allows all the details of the story to come to life; as the artist intended to portray. I will remember the experience of pure emotion in a two-dimensional painting, created to look so three-dimensional or life-like.